A look at 10 U.S. presidents who have been heavily criticized or considered least effective by historians.

Throughout the history of the United States, the presidency has carried enormous responsibility. Decisions made in the Oval Office have shaped wars, economies.

Civil rights, and America’s role on the global stage. While many presidents are remembered for leadership and progress, others are frequently criticized by historians.

Scholars, and the public for ineffective governance, controversial policies, or failures during times of…